The Western Sydney International Airport terminal has reached completion, marking Australia’s first new major airport in over half a century. Located in Badgerys Creek, the terminal is conceived as both a transport hub and civic landmark — an architectural statement grounded in place and shaped for the future of aviation.

First proposed by COX Architecture and Zaha Hadid Architects through a 2019 design competition, the project has since been carried forward by a collaborative team including Woods Bagot and builder Multiplex. The resulting terminal is a culmination of technical precision, spatial generosity, and cultural responsiveness, tailored to the evolving needs of Western Sydney.

‘This is a rare opportunity to define the next generation of airport design,’ says Cristiano Ceccato of Zaha Hadid Architects. ‘It’s a terminal that expresses both international ambition and a strong sense of place.’

images © Brett Boardman, Trevor Mein

a rhythmic design by zaha hadid, woods bagot & cox

Designing the expansive roofline of the Sydney Airport terminal, Zaha Hadid Architects, Woods Bagot, and COX take cues from the low-lying Cumberland Plain, echoing the contours of the land. Its ceiling, composed of sculptural, timber-lined modules, captures shifting daylight throughout the day. The filtered light creates a rhythm of brightness and shadow, offering both orientation and calm across the large volume of the departure hall.

Glass curtain walls along the perimeter draw in the landscape and provide views outward, ensuring a continuous connection between interior and environment. These gestures help shape a civic-scale structure that feels open and grounded, rather than monumental or imposing.

Working with construction company Multiplex, COX shaped the terminal as a contemporary expression of place. ‘The way light filters through the terminal shapes how people move, orient and feel,’ David Holm of COX explains. ‘For many, this space marks their first encounter with Australia, and we wanted that experience to feel unmistakably grounded in place.’

the Western Sydney International Airport terminal is Australia’s first major airport in over 50 years

a sustainable terminal for sydney

The roof canopy over the forecourt is configured by Zaha Hadid Architects, COX, and Woods Bagot to offer shelter and shade while guiding movement into the new Sydney Airport terminal. This threshold is conceived with attention to scale and detail, with natural materials and Indigenous design references shaping a quiet sense of welcome.

Warm timbers, etched details, and interpretive artworks are integrated throughout, creating an environment that honors the region’s heritage without relying on overt displays. Public consultation with Dharug custodians and First Nations consultant Murrawin informed many of the terminal’s symbolic and spatial elements.

This embedded cultural approach complements the terminal’s focus on intuitive, egalitarian movement. Sightlines are clear, signage minimal, and transitions between zones legible without requiring effort. As passengers move through arrivals, departures, and security checkpoints, the building’s architecture does the work of orientation.

its low-slung form and sculptural ceiling draw from the contours and light of the Cumberland Plain

Led by Woods Bagot, the design and delivery phase prioritized performance and longevity. ‘The ambition was to create a terminal that functions at a global standard while maintaining a distinct local identity,’ Neil Hill of Woods Bagot notes.

The architecture supports a modular expansion strategy, allowing for future growth in stages without the need for full redesign. Passive ventilation, water recycling, and energy-efficient systems earned the terminal a five star Green Star rating. From landside approach to baggage handling, every aspect was calibrated to optimize throughput and passenger comfort.

As Western Sydney International Airport prepares for its first flights, the terminal stands ready to support 24-hour international and domestic operations. Beyond its technical and environmental credentials, the project offers a new civic identity for one of Australia’s fastest-growing regions.

filtered daylight animates the terminal’s interior and guides passenger orientation

large glass walls maintain a visual connection to the surrounding landscape

the terminal favors intuitive navigation with open sightlines and understated signage

a modular layout and 5-star Green Star rating reflect long-term flexibility and environmental priorities

the terminal brings a civic-scaled space that blends global functionality with local cultural identity

project info:

name: Western Sydney International Airport

architect: Zaha Hadid Architects, Woods Bagot, COX

location: Sydney, Australia

construction: Multiplex

photography: © Brett Boardman, Trevor Mein 

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Singapore breaks ground on Changi Airport Terminal 5 (T5), a major milestone in what promises to be one of the world’s most ambitious airport expansions (find designboom’s previous coverage here). Designed by KPF, Heatherwick Studio, and local firm architects61, the upcoming terminal is envisioned as a next-generation air hub capable of handling 50 million passengers annually. Complete with advanced automation, green design, and intuitive architecture, T5 is set to be both mega and cozy, reshaping Singapore’s global gateway as it prepares for the future of air travel. The terminal is scheduled to open in the mid-2030s, forming the centerpiece of the Changi East development, a 1,080-hectare district that merges aviation, logistics, and urban lifestyle infrastructure.

‘Inspired by the essence of Singapore, the terminal will be a place of lush greenery and characterful districts that redefine what an airport can be,’ shares Thomas Heatherwick, design director of Heatherwick Studio. ‘And instead of building another monolithic transit hub, we’re making a unique place that you’d want to travel to, rather than just travel through—one that heartily welcomes both travelers and the local community.’  

Terminal 5 is an integral part of the Changi East development | images courtesy of Changi Airport Group

curved roofs allow natural light to enter the space

At once monumental and human-centric, the terminal’s design by American architecture firm KPF, together with London- and Shanghai-based Heatherwick Studio, takes cues from Singapore’s hybrid identity, where city meets garden. A canopy of overlapping curved roofs, dubbed ‘roof leaves’, breaks the massing down into a collection of human-scale volumes, allowing natural light to flood into the interior while creating spaces that feel calm and familiar. This layered roofscape improves orientation and ambiance but also offers a spatial rhythm that reflects the airport’s broader ambition to remain globally competitive while staying rooted in Singaporean culture. ‘Too often, airports are designed as pure machines for movement—efficient but impersonal, reducing passengers to mere numbers in a system,’ notes Trent Tesch, design principal of KPF. ‘Instead, T5 is conceived as a vibrant microcity that is distinctly Singaporean — lush, layered, and deeply human. It integrates nature, cultural discovery, and moments of wonder, transforming travel from something to endure into something to enjoy. Rather than endless corridors and passive waiting, it offers spaces that engage, surprise, and delight, proving that an airport can be more than just a gateway — it can be a destination in itself.’ 

Terminal 5’s roof design is an assembly of overlapping roof leaves with varying heights

A launchpad for logistics, lifestyle, and next-gen connectivity

Functionality and flexibility drive the terminal’s next-gen DNA. State-of-the-art airport systems, automated check-ins, and contactless touchpoints are embedded throughout the space, creating a future-proofed infrastructure that can scale in response to demand or adapt to global health contingencies. Singapore Airlines will consolidate its operations here, and passengers will experience shorter walking distances, aided by a new Automated People Mover (APM) that connects T5 to Terminal 2. Wayfinding is intuitive by design, reducing the reliance on signage and encouraging stress-free navigation.

Beyond aviation, T5 is envisioned as a destination in itself. A Ground Transportation Centre will integrate train, bus, and taxi systems, enhanced by planned extensions of the Thomson-East Coast and Cross Island MRT Lines, boosting accessibility from the city. In the surrounding district, the Changi East Urban District will emerge as a new lifestyle and business zone, while the adjacent Changi East Industrial Zone reinforces Singapore’s strategic ambitions in aircraft maintenance and air cargo logistics.

the curved shapes of the roof allow natural light to fllter through

all the buildings in Terminal 5 will be connected via an automated people mover system

arriving passengers can hop onto the automated system, which will bring them to the Arrival Immigration Hall

passengers are greeted by Terminal 5’s vertical gardens

the sculpted columns and ceilings of the underground MRT station mimic rain trees

T5 will be a place of shared experiences

project info:

name: Changi Airport Terminal 5 | @changiairport

architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) | @kohnpedersenfox, Heatherwick Studio | @officialheatherwickstudio

location: Changi Airport, Singapore

local partner: Architects 61 | @architects61
local sub-consultants: SAA and RSP Architects Planners & Engineers
engineers: Arup Singapore Private Limited, Mott McDonald, and Surbana Jurong
retail design: DP Architects Pte Ltd

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A new chapter for Athens International Airport is unfolding with the design reveal by the Anemos consortium, a team led by Grimshaw, Haptic, and Athens-based K-Studio. Working alongside Arup, Leslie Jones, Triagonal, and Plan A, the architects are taking on an ambitious expansion that will increase the airport’s capacity from 26 to 40 million passengers by 2032. Delivered in phases and within the complexities of an active airport environment, the project aims to transform Athens International Airport into a travel hub that’s equal parts functional and expressive of the city’s layered identity.

The project, as reimagined by K-Studio and collaborators, acknowledges its own relatively recent history. Built by Hochtief and inaugurated in 2001 ahead of the 2004 Summer Olympics, the airport currently sits 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) outside the capital’s center. The design team’s proposal integrates both expansion and renovation — extending the main and satellite terminal buildings while upgrading landside and airside infrastructure, gate lounges, aircraft stands, and retail zones. The new design doesn’t seek to erase what’s already there but to amplify and enrich it.

Athens International Airport is set to expand to accommodate 40 million passengers by 2032 | images © Aesthetica

k-studio draws from the spirit of athens

As part of the proposal by K-Studio and its international partners, Athens International Airport becomes a vessel for the city’s history, material culture, and rhythm of life. A pragmatic layout ensures ease of use, but the soul of the project lies in its attention to experience. Using natural materials, landscape integration, and a generous infusion of daylight, the design reflects Athens as a city built over millennia, where time layers gently over form. The goal is to make the airport feel unmistakably local without compromising on global standards of efficiency.

Sustainability is another driving force behind the reimagined Athens International Airport. K-Studio, Grimshaw, and Haptic are aligning the architecture with AIA’s net zero goals and LEED Gold targets. Passive design strategies are paired with low-carbon materials, modular construction techniques, and energy-efficient systems for water and waste. Rather than treating environmental performance as an afterthought, it is embedded into the architectural DNA from the start.

a new western facade features stone fins and sculptural portals to guide passenger flow

a colonnade facade and oculus interiors

A noteworthy addition to the main terminal building is its redefined western facade — a rhythmic, colonnade-like elevation articulated by stone fins and punctuated by six sculptural portals. This new landside identity for Athens International Airport, designed by K-Studio and team, offers a sense of arrival and orientation. Inside, the raised soffit floods the check-in and departures hall with diffused sunlight and reinforces intuitive navigation in what is typically the most stressful zone of any airport.

The airport’s redesign also introduces two immersive, civic-scale ‘oculus’ spaces — moments of architectural drama that double as meditative counterpoints to the busy terminal flow. The north oculus, conceived as a lush, circular Mediterranean garden, soars to 24.5 meters in height and acts as a grand gathering space. Passengers entering from airside encounter a green microcosm of the city’s public life. The south oculus, meanwhile, takes a more intimate tone with tiered terraces, dining areas, and sunlight cascading through a lifted ceiling.

two large oculus spaces bring light, gardens, and civic scale to the terminal experience

‘Athens is a spectacular city that has seen a huge increase in visitor numbers over the last decade, far beyond what its existing airport can comfortably support,’ says Andrew Thomas, Managing Partner, Grimshaw. ‘Responding to this challenge, we’ve been excited to work with Athens International Airport to create a bold new vision that retains and renews the existing terminal building while adding a series of major new extensions, to create a singular new architectural whole. Our design is inspired by the city: an airport that reflects the past, present and future of Athens, a celebration of its architecture, hospitality and culture.’

natural materials, daylight, and landscaping create a strong sense of place throughout the terminal

sustainability is central with LEED Gold targets and net-zero carbon strategies

project info:

name: Athens International Airport

architect: K-Studio, Grimshaw, Haptic

location: Athens, Greece

engineer: Arup
retail design consultant: Leslie Jones
wayfinding: Triagonal
design management: Plan A
visualizations: © Aesthetica

design team (K-Studio): Dimitris Karampatakis, Michalis Skitsas, Christos Papachristodoulou, Katerina Paitazoglou, Dimitris Eleftheriadis, Adamantia Chelioti, Manousos Kakouris, Kallia Bosinis, Alexandros Kokas, Natassa Kallou, Vasilis Eleftheriadis, Elena Stavrou, Joanne Spyridi, Dimitris Giannelos, Georgia Theiakou, Chrysa Maltezou, Eftychia Papanikolaou

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Landscape architectural studio LJ-Group designs the outdoor areas of Cam Ranh International Airport in Vietnam. The development introduces a distinct approach to airport landscape design, moving beyond conventional transit environments. Serving over 4.8 million visitors annually, with future expansion doubling this capacity, the airport’s new terminal, designed by Singapore-based CPG, incorporates one of the first comprehensive landscape designs commissioned for an airport setting.

The 10-hectare site integrates various spatial scales, ensuring a cohesive visual experience for passengers arriving by plane, car, or on foot. The landscape design reflects the natural characteristics of Khanh Hoa Province, with organic forms and carefully arranged elements shaping the visitor’s first impression of the region.

all images by Brice Godard

organic shapes form the airport’s open waiting and social zones

Landscape architects at LJ-Group organize the pedestrian-friendly public space at the terminal entrance as the key feature of the project. This area is designed to accommodate multiple circulation flows while maintaining open zones for waiting and social interaction. Large curved seating and shading structures, constructed from bamboo and metal, are positioned in an irregular arrangement. The placement of shading elements is intentionally offset, creating alternating areas of sun and shade. This dynamic layout encourages users to engage with the space by adjusting their seating choices throughout the day.

The landscape design extends towards the motorbike parking area, incorporating a selection of coastal plant species that reinforce the local identity. By integrating functional circulation with flexible gathering areas, Cam Ranh International Airport development moves away from traditional airport design conventions, prioritizing a more engaging and human-centered environment while meeting infrastructure and transport requirements.

LJ-Group designs the outdoor spaces of Cam Ranh International Airport

a 10-hectare site integrates multiple spatial scales for arriving passengers

organic forms shape the visitor’s first impression of the region

pedestrian-friendly public spaces enhance the terminal entrance experience

the landscape encourages movement, interaction, and flexible use

bamboo and metal elements provide a balance of shade and openness

the project serves over 4.8 million annual visitors, with future expansion planned

curved seating and shading structures create a dynamic outdoor layout

seating arrangements adapt to the changing light throughout the day

offset shading elements create alternating areas of sun and shadow

project info:

name: Cam Ranh International Airport
architect: LJ-Group | @lj_group_

location: Cam Ranh, Vietnam

photographer: Brice Godard | @brice.godard

designboom has received this project from our DIY submissions feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their own work for publication. see more project submissions from our readers here.

edited by: christina vergopoulou | designboom

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Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) reveals the design for the new Gelephu International Airport in Bhutan, an ornamental project that integrates the country’s traditional craftsmanship with modern architectural innovation. The airport features a modular diagrid structure made of glulam timber, adorned with Bhutanese wood carvings. This design, which will be presented at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale, highlights the balance between ancient traditions and contemporary techniques.

BIG has positioned the Gelephu International Airport as Bhutan’s second international gateway, located near the Bhutan-India border and Paitha River. Surrounded by the country’s subtropical forests and mountain ranges, the 68,000 square-meters airport is a key element of the Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC) masterplan, developed in collaboration with NACO, Arup, and Cistri. Designed to handle up to 123 flights daily, it is projected to accommodate 1.3 million passengers by 2040, scaling up to 5.5 million by 2065.

visualizations © BIG

bjarke ingels draws from bhutan’s woodcarving heritage

Designing its Gelephu International Airport, the team at Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) pays special attention to showcasing Bhutan’s woodcarving traditions. Local artists will create intricate carvings that will adorn the timber structure, inspired by the revered ‘Kachen’ pillars of Bhutanese architecture. This approach celebrates the country’s cultural heritage while incorporating modern technology. An installation at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale will showcase this blend of craft and innovation.

The Gelephu International Airport, designed by Bjarke Ingels Group, features modular timber frames that allow for future expansion. The glulam timber diagrid structure is designed for disassembly and reassembly as the airport grows, ensuring flexibility. The airport’s roof will be equipped with photovoltaic panels, supporting Bhutan’s commitment to remaining carbon-negative.

Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) unveils the design for Gelephu International Airport in Bhutan

A Forest Courtyard Connects Passengers to Nature

Bjarke Ingels Group embeds Bhutan’s natural environment and cultural values into the design of the Gelephu International Airport. The arrival plaza, for instance, is divided into four zones, each dedicated to native plants from the surrounding forests. The airport’s terminal, which resembles a stylized mountain range, integrates elements of traditional Bhutanese design, including carved timber dragons symbolizing the past, present, and future.

Bhutan’s biodiversity is brought to the heart of the architecture. A central courtyard, called the Forest Spine, divides the terminal into domestic and international sections. It provides travelers with a calming connection to nature, featuring green spaces, a treetop walkway, and native flora. This design element reflects the emphasis on mindfulness and well-being, core values of Bhutan’s culture.

The structure highlights Bhutanese craftsmanship, including traditional techniques such as Shing-Zo (carpentry), Par-Zo (carving), and Lha-Zo (painting). The wooden carvings extend throughout the airport’s interior and exterior, creating a cohesive aesthetic that mirrors the country’s architectural heritage.

the airport blends Bhutanese traditional craftsmanship with modern architectural innovation

BIG plans to create a mindful travel experience at the Gelephu International Airport, where natural light floods the spaces through expansive windows and skylights. Travelers are greeted by a triple-height entry and serene lounges for meditation, yoga, and wellness activities. These spaces aim to reduce the stress of travel and offer moments of calm before and after flights.

The passenger experience is prioritized in the design of the Gelephu International Airport, ensuring intuitive wayfinding and efficient circulation. The upper-level gates, along with retail and dining areas, offer travelers stunning views of the Himalayan mountains. Additionally, the airport’s wooden structure and ventilated roofs are designed to respond to the region’s subtropical climate, enhancing comfort while reducing energy consumption.

a modular glulam timber structure allows for future expansion and flexibility

located near the Bhutan-India border, the airport is part of the Gelephu Mindfulness City masterplan

the airport’s timber frames will feature intricate carvings inspired by Bhutan’s architectural heritage

a central Forest Spine courtyard connects travelers to nature with green spaces and a treetop walkway

the design integrates traditional Bhutanese crafts like carpentry, carving, painting, and weaving

project info:

name: Gelephu International Airport

architect: Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) | @big_builds

location: Gelephu, The Kingdom of Bhutan

size: 731,946 square feet (68,000 square meters)

client: The Kingdom of Bhutan

visualization: © BIG

partner in charge: Bjarke Ingels, Frederik Lyng, Giulia Frittoli
project manager: Per Bo Madsen
design lead: Sorcha Burke, Dace Gurecka

team: Andrea Megan Hektor, Chiara Gargiulo, Dalma Ujvari, Jan Magasanik, Mantas Povilaika, Nanna Gyldholm Møller, Nathan Angelo Osena, Nikol Maraj, Will Chuanrui Yu, Dace Gurecka, Xinyu Zhao, Matthew Goodwill

collaborators: Netherlands Airport Consultants (NACO), Magnolia Quality Development Corporation Limited (MQDC), Changi Airport Planners and Engineers, Influit, WT Partnership

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MAD Architects reveals that the final phase of construction on Lishui Airport is nearing completion, with the project on schedule to open by the end of 2024. Nestled in the foothill valleys of Lishui, China’s ‘forest city’ (see designboom’s previous coverage here), the airport spans 2,267 hectares and features a 12,000-square-meter terminal designed to harmonize with its mountainous surroundings.

The architectural language of the terminal embodies a deep connection to its environment. A feather-like roof, composed of lightweight aluminum panels, is supported by 14 umbrella-shaped columns, inspiring a sense of lightness and flow. Extending 30 meters, a dramatic cantilever frames the entrance, creating a spacious and naturally illuminated concourse that welcomes travelers with openness.

all images by Hello Lishui, courtesy of MAD Architects, unless stated otherwise

fluid, feather-like roof in harmony with contours of the land

MAD Architects’ terraced design, shaped by leveling nearly 100 meters of elevation, organizes the terminal, parking, and office areas into descending platforms, respecting the natural contours of the land. A central skylight floods the interior of the Lishui Airport with natural light, while the silver-white roof features bold characteristics that embrace fluidity. Inside, wood-toned finishes and a ‘one-and-a-half-story’ layout create a human-scaled, efficient space. Passenger areas transition from 4.5 meters to 13 meters in height, offering options for intimacy and spaciousness, with the compact arrangement integrating arrival and departure zones for facilitated movement.

a feather-like roof, composed of lightweight aluminum panels | image by MAD Architects

future expansion to accommodate up to five million passengers

A landscaped walkway connects the parking area with the terminal, enhancing accessibility and maintaining the airport’s dialogue with its natural surroundings. Lishui Airport is equipped with three boarding bridges, five remote stands, and an initial capacity to serve one million passengers annually. It is conceived as a domestic regional airport, prioritizing convenience and human-centered design over monumental scale. ‘As a feeder airport, Lishui Airport shows another attitude as a public transportation facility in the city: not greedy for big, but pursuing convenience and humanity, and pursuing a dialogue with the natural environment,’ Ma Yansong, founder of MAD Architects explains.

Future expansion is embedded in the structure of the airport, anticipating growth to accommodate 1.8 million passengers by 2030 and up to five million by 2050. Provisions for an international terminal ensure that Lishui Airport can evolve alongside the development of the region.

the silver-white roof features bold characteristics that embrace fluidity | image by JK Wang

final phase of construction on Lishui Airport is nearing completion | image by JK Wang

a central skylight floods the interior of the Lishui Airport with natural light | image by MAD Architects

the roof is supported by 14 umbrella-shaped columns | image by MAD Architects

wood-toned finishes create a human-scaled, efficient space | image by MAD Architects

creating a spacious and naturally illuminated concourse that welcomes travelers | image by MAD Architects

extending 30 meters, a dramatic cantilever frames the entrance | image by MAD Architects

the airport spans 2,267 hectares and features a 12,000-square-meter terminal | image by MAD Architects

project info:

name: Lishui Airport

architect: MAD architects | @madarchitects

location: Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China

site area: 2,267 hectares

building area: 12,100 square meters

building height: 23.95 meters

principal partners in charge: MA Yansong, DANG Qun, Yosuke Hayano

associate partners in charge: LIU Huiying, Kin Li

design team: SUN Shouquan, ZHANG Xiaomei, LEI Lei, YANG Xuebin, SUN Mingze, YIN Jianfeng, Punnin Sukkasem, ZHU Yuhao, ZHANG Yaohui, Alan Rodríguez Carrillo, Pittayapa Suriyapee, WANG Xinyi

client: Lishui Airport Construction Headquarters

executive architects: CAAC NEW ERA AIRPORT DESIGN INSTITUTE COMPANY LIMITED 

facade consultant: RFR Shanghai

interior design/lighting consultant: Shanghai Xian Dai Architectural Decoration & Landscape Design Research Institute CO., Ltd

landscape consultant: Z’scape Landscape Planning and Design
photography: JK Wang, Liu Yongwei, Hello Lishui, MAD Architects
video: JK Wang

The post MAD architects’ lishui airport nears completion in china with opening date at end of 2024 appeared first on designboom | architecture & design magazine.

Aedas completes the new Terminal 2 of Yantai Penglai International Airport in the Shandong province of China. Located to the south of the existing Terminal 1, the expansion opened to travelers in June 2024, increasing the airport‘s capacity to 23 million passengers and 200,000 tons of cargo annually. According to Aedas, the project adheres to the concept of ‘being holistic, ecological, efficient, flexible, and intelligent.’ Sporting an E-shaped layout with the main building parallel to the runway, the expansion includes a south concourse in various possible configurations, a south apron, a second runway, and car parks. Ultimately, the construction is phased to safeguard future flexibility. 

all images © 404 nf studio

aedas introduces air-rail connectivity

The team at Aedes developed the design alongside China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute (CSWADI) and Shanghai New Era Airport Design and Research Institute. This collaboration for the Yantai Penglai International Airport Terminal 2 brings to the table several novelties. For one thing, the expansion introduces railway connectivity to the airport for the first time, increasing accessibility from the city to the airport and facilitating transit between air and rail. Moreover, as a gateway to China for Japan and Korea, Terminal 2 contains nine international/domestic swing gates, optimizing flexibility while dealing with traffic peaks.

Yantai Penglai International Airport Terminal 2

an undulating roof design echoing yantai’s mountainscape

During the early planning stage, Aedas and its partners thoroughly studied the site to fully embrace the existing natural contours and terrain, with the landside and airside area arranged in split-levels. This minimized subsequent excavation required and impact on the environment. Architecturally, the sweeping, undulating roof over the departure hall draws inspiration from the majestic Kunyu Mountain in Yantai. Three sets of integrated skylights accentuate the roofline, giving departing passengers a tremendous first impression as they enter the check-in hall. The positions of the skylights respond to the planning below and continue to guide passengers through the departure processes at Yantai Penglai Airport Terminal 2. 

the rippling roof recalls the nearby mountainscape

Yantai Penglai Airport terminal 2 welcomes a light-filled space

Once past security, passengers are greeted by a glazed diagrid dome over the airside landscaped retail atrium. This soaring, light-filled space links the international and domestic concourse levels and brings a sense of openness and natural illumination deep into the heart of the terminal. From the central atrium, linear overhead skylights lead passengers towards their gates, providing generous headroom over the waiting areas. The stone-clad walls and wave-like ceiling evoke the unique coastal landscape of Yantai. The landscaped gate lounges have a playful mix of furniture to let passengers relax, work, and play.

Aedas increases capacity to 23 million passengers and 200,000 tons of cargo annually

Sited on the lowest floor of the terminal, the design of the baggage claim area recalls the timber hulls of Chinese pinks, symbolizing the thousand-year-old Maritime Silk Road. Above the baggage claim hall, the floor plate of the departure’s check-in and processing halls intentionally opened up the design, giving passengers natural light as well as a view of the main roof above.

‘The thoughtful incorporation of natural light, both in the departures hall and the airside atrium, gives these spaces distinctive character and a real sense or place. The terminal’s ambiance creates a serene environment, and helps passengers navigate the space with ease. Drawing our inspiration from Yantai’s mountains and seascape, the dynamic form of the building is tribute to the region’s unique and iconic features,’ concludes Aedas Executive Director Albert Tong. 

daylit interior design

a series of skylights takes over the Yantai Penglai International Airport Terminal 2

wave-like ceiling evokes the unique coastal landscape of Yantai

creating a holistic and flexible expansion

passengers are greeted by a glazed diagrid dome over the airside landscaped retail atrium

the new terminal opened in June 2024

front elevation

project info:

name: Yantai Penglai International Airport Terminal 2


location: Yantai, Shandong, China

architect: Aedas | @aedas_architects

collaborators: China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute (CSWADI),
Shanghai New Era Airport Design and Research Institute


client: Shandong Airport Management Group Yantai International Airport Co,. Ltd


design director: Albert Tong

photographer: 404 nf studio

GFA: 172,000 sqm


completion year: 2023


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Portland International Airport (PDX) has officially opened its expanded main terminal of mass timber to travelers. Designed by ZGF Architects, the $2 billion renovation is a significant milestone for the Port of Portland, marking the largest mass timber project of its kind in the world. This expansion doubles the airport’s capacity, enabling it to accommodate up to 35 million passengers annually by 2045.

The design of the new terminal reflects the natural beauty of the Pacific Northwest. The terminal’s 9-acre mass timber roof evokes the experience of walking through a forest, with expansive views of the airfield and surrounding landscapes. The interior spaces are infused with natural light and greenery, creating an environment that resonates with the region’s unique character. ‘Everybody loves Portland International Airport,’ says Gene Sandoval, Partner at ZGF. ‘Our challenge was to double the capacity while designing an experience that passengers and employees will love as much as the original.’

image © Ema Peter Photography

nine-acre roof caps largest mass timber portland airport

The PDX Airport Main Terminal expansion in Portland stands as the largest mass timber project ever undertaken. The 3.5 million board feet of wood used in the roof, concessions, flooring, and feature walls were sourced from within a 300-mile radius of the airport. The wood includes contributions from small family-owned forests, non-profits, and tribal nations. This sustainable approach by the architects at ZGF both supports local economies and highlights Oregon’s tradition of forest product innovation. The mass timber roof, a marvel of engineering, symbolizes both the history and the future of sustainable wood design.

The decision to use mass timber for the terminal’s 9-acre roof was driven by considerations of cost, constructability, and a desire to celebrate the Pacific Northwest’s timber industry. The roof, which includes forty-nine skylights of varying shapes and sizes, filters natural light into sixty percent of the terminal. The structure, constructed from mass plywood panels, glulam beams, and timber lattice, showcases traditional weaving techniques indigenous to the region. This intricate design not only highlights the craftsmanship involved but also contributes to the terminal’s sustainability by reducing the need for steel and other materials.

image © Dror Baldinger

zgf mimics the city’s walkable neighborhoods

ZGF approached the design of its timber airport expansion with urban planning principles in mind, drawing from Portland’s walkable neighborhoods. The layout features smaller-scale architecture within the expansive space, before travelers enter to experience a clear and intuitive flow from the reconfigured ticket hall to security checkpoints and onwards to their gates. The pre-security marketplace, designed as a public space, features stadium seating and offers regional goods and dining. Post-security, the terminal continues to emphasize comfort and accessibility, with tree-lined pathways, café seating, and urban furniture that invite travelers to linger.

Designing with a focus on the passenger experience, the team aimed to reduce the stress commonly associated with air travel by creating a tranquil environment filled with natural elements. Collaborations with Terrapin Bright Green and PLACE landscape architects ensured that biophilia — the connection between humans and nature — was integrated throughout the terminal. The result is a space where passengers can relax and enjoy the journey through pathways lined with trees, cascading gardens, and over 5,000 strategically placed plants.

image © Ema Peter Photography

Supporting Local Economies and Forestry Practices

Sustainability was a key focus in the terminal’s design. By reusing much of the existing infrastructure and optimizing the use of wood, steel, and concrete, the project achieved a seventy percent reduction in embodied carbon compared to building a new terminal. The terminal’s highly efficient envelope and all-electric ground-source heat pump system contribute to a fifty percent reduction in energy use per square foot. Designed to withstand a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, the roof is supported by Y-shaped columns with seismic isolation bearings, allowing for lateral movement during a seismic event.

The wood sourcing strategy for the terminal was designed to support local economies and promote sustainable forestry practices. Nearly all of the wood for the glulam beams and lattice was sourced from forests managed to ensure strong ecological outcomes. Through direct sourcing approaches, over one million board feet of the wood can be traced back to its forest of origin, allowing the project to tell the story of the wood’s ecological impact and community benefits.

image © Ema Peter Photography

Instead of constructing an entirely new terminal, the Port of Portland and ZGF opted for a phased renovation and expansion. This approach allowed the airport to remain fully operational throughout the five-year construction period. The prefabricated wood roof, which spans the expanded lobby, check-in, and security areas, played a crucial role in minimizing disruptions. This strategy not only saved time and costs but also reduced the carbon footprint of the project.

The expansion of Portland International Airport’s main terminal is not just a response to the current demands of air travel but a forward-looking project that sets a new standard for airport design. With a second phase of the project already underway, set to be completed in early 2026, the terminal will continue to evolve, offering additional retail and dining amenities that further enhance the traveler experience.

image © Ema Peter Photography

image © Ema Peter Photography

image © Ema Peter Photography

image © Ema Peter Photography

project info:

project title: PDX Airport Main Terminal

architect of record, interior design: ZGF | @zgfarchitects

location: Portland, Oregon

client: Port of Portland | @portofportland

completion: August 2024

photography: © Ema Peter Photography, Dror Baldinger

general contractor: Hoffman Skanska Joint Venture
pre-construction services: Turner Construction

engineering:
structural: KPFF Consulting Engineers (primary), Arup
MEP: PAE Engineers (primary), Arup
geotechnical: GRI
civil and airside planning: HNTB

consultants:
mass timber trade partner: Swinerton Mass Timber
steel trade partner: W&W AFCO Steel
mass timber fabricators / manufacturers: Zip-O-Laminators, Timberlab, Freres, Calvert
mass timber manufacturers: Calvert, Freres, Zip-O-Laminators
wood advisor: Sustainable Northwest and Sustainable Northwest Wood
lumber mills: Elk Creek Forest Products, Frank Lumber Co., Freres Lumber Co., Herbert Lumber Co., Kasters Kustom Cuts, Manke Lumber, Zip-O-Log Mills
aviation planning: ARUP USA
landscape: PLACE Landscape Architecture
biophilic design consultant: Terrapin Bright Green
sustainability consultant: ZGF (lead consultant), Arup
building envelope: Professional Roof Consultants Inc., RDH Building Sciences Inc.
air & wind analysis: RWDI Consulting Engineers & Scientists
erector: Derr & Gruenwald Construction
heavy lift / transport: Mammoet
glulam connections: Madlyn Metals Fab
Y column fabrication: Thompson Metal Fab
curtainwall: Benson
roofers: Snyder Roofing of Oregon LLC
lighting design: Fisher Marantz Stone
fire protection: Cosco Fire Protection Inc.
electrical: Oregon Electric Group
plumbing: Harder Mechanical Contractors
acoustics and public address: Arup
cost estimating: RLB
HVAC: Arctic Sheet Metal
architectural metals: McKinstry Co., LLC
expansion joints: Performance Contracting Inc.

exterior cladding:
metal panels: Morin Corp.
EIFS, ACM, or other: Custom Metal Cladding Ltd.
moisture barrier: Henry Co.
curtain wall: Benson Curtainwall, Arcadia
other cladding unique to this project: expansion joints by MM Systems, sunshades by McKinstry

roofing:
built-up roofing: Siplast
other: Seismic Isolators by Maurer SE

glazing:
glass: Carey Glass with Glas Trösch, Viracon
skylights: Deamor

interior finishes:
acoustical ceilings: Armstrong World Industries, Inc.
wood flooring: Zena Forest Products
paints, stains: Timber Pro
special interior finishes unique to this project: Interior sunshades by Levolux

lighting:
interior ambient lighting: Acuity Custom Architectural Lighting
downlights: Acuity Custom Architectural Lighting, Flos, Meteor
exterior: Musco Lighting
dimming system or other lighting controls: ETC Inc.

forests of origin / wood harvest sites:
Camp Adams Youth Camp, Camp Bishop Gray’s Harbor YMCA, Camp Namanu, Chimacum County Park, The Nature Conservatory Central Cascades Forest, Coquille Indian Tribe, Hanschu Family Forest, Hyla Woods, Joint Base Lewis McCord, Roslyn City Forest, Skokomish Indian Tribe, Willamette University Educational Forests, Yakama Nation

The post world’s largest mass timber airport opens to travelers in portland, oregon appeared first on designboom | architecture & design magazine.

The City of Chicago has unveiled the design for the first phase of a major transformation project at O’Hare International Airport, with the Satellite One Concourse designed by a team led by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) in collaboration with Ross Barney Architects, Juan Gabriel Moreno Architects (JGMA), and Arup. The project will be the first entirely new building constructed as part of the ambitious Terminal Area Program (TAP) — see designboom’s coverage of a larger masterplan envisioned by SOM here!

This bright and modern concourse represents the largest concourse area expansion and revitalization in the airport’s 68-year history. As one of the first domestic-international codeshare concourses in Chicago, Satellite One is designed to accommodate various aircraft sizes, improving operational efficiency for airlines. Passengers, particularly those with layovers at this busy airport, will also benefit from the new design. The larger project has resulted from an international design competition which saw proposals from Santiago Calatrava, Foster + Partners, and Jeanne Gang.

images courtesy of SOM and Norviska

a frictionless experience for chicago travelers

SOM Design Partner Scott Duncan describes the spirit of Chicago’s Satellite One Concourse: ‘We designed the new satellite concourse to create a frictionless experience for travelers.‘ The focus is on passenger comfort with features such as column-free gate lounges for easy navigation, high ceilings for improved views and air circulation, and a strategic use of natural light to enhance the travel experience.

The SOM-led team, including Ross Barney Architects, Juan Gabriel Moreno Architects (JGMA), and Arup, was selected in 2019 through the international design competition. It will be the first to begin construction on a TAP project. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19 to the airline and construction industries, the design for Satellite One remains under budget and on track for construction. Work on the airfield to prepare for construction has already begun.

‘We are proud to design a space where every journey begins and ends amidst the global connectivity of O’Hare,’ said Ross Barney Architects Founder and Design Principal Carol Ross Barney. The team emphasizes the importance of well-designed public spaces, particularly in a major international airport.

SOM leads design team with Ross Barney Architects, Juan Gabriel Moreno Architects, and Arup

an ‘orchard field’ AIRPORT CONCOURSE bathed in sunlight

The design for Satellite One draws inspiration from O’Hare’s original name, ‘Orchard Field.’ A tree-like structural system minimizes the number of columns within the concourse, improving passenger flow and visibility. This innovative design also contributes to the building’s sustainability efforts.

The modern design is tailored to the Chicago climate, prioritizing both passenger wellbeing and environmental performance. The branching structure reduces the building’s embodied carbon footprint. The curved roof profile minimizes heating and cooling needs, with strategic overhangs providing shade during peak sun hours and central skylights allowing natural light to reach waiting areas year-round. High-performance building systems further contribute to reduced energy use and emissions.

Passengers arriving from the existing Concourse C will enter an atrium flooded in natural light from a large skylight overhead. This garden-like space will be a relaxing area for both departing and connecting passengers. The interior design incorporates natural materials throughout, creating a warm and acoustically comfortable environment.

‘We are honored to contribute to the continued improvement of O’Hare,’ says Juan Moreno, President and Founder of Juan Gabriel Moreno Architects. ‘Our collaboration with SOM, Ross Barney Architects, and Arup ensures a dignified passenger experience for Chicago and its visitors.’

Satellite One is the first phase of a major transformation project at O’Hare International Airport
sustainable design elements include a tree-like structural system and a curved roof profile
the concourse is designed to accommodate various aircraft sizes and improve operational efficiency

passenger comfort is a priority with features like column-free gate lounges and natural light

project info:

project title: Satellite One Concourse at Chicago O’Hare International Airport

architecture: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), Ross Barney Architects, Juan Gabriel Moreno Architects (JGMA), Arup

location: Chicago, Illinois

previous coverage: January 17th, 2019, January 25th, 2025

visualizations: © Norviska, courtesy SOM

The post SOM shares design for new satellite concourse at chicago o’hare international airport appeared first on designboom | architecture & design magazine.

MAD Architects has unveiled the design for Lishui Airport, the first airport serving the ‘forest city’ of Lishui in Zhejiang Province, China. Sited amidst the lush greenery and valleys 15 kilometers southwest of the city, the airport is designed to be a harmonious addition to the natural landscape. The design prioritizes respecting the original hilly terrain while ensuring accessibility for passengers. This focus on the mountainous environment is reflected in the airport’s overall form and organic roof. 

Following MAD Architects’ vision, ‘Lishui is a garden city, and her airport should also be in a garden,’ the design emphasizes a human-centric experience over sheer size. The architects aim to create a public space that prioritizes convenience and reflects the city’s identity.

images courtesy MAD Architects

lishui airport: A Bird Taking Flight in a Garden City

The defining feature of the Lishui Airport is its large, silver-white overhanging roof, which the team at MAD Architects designs as a symbol of flight. The roof resembles a white-feathered bird ready to take flight, a fitting image for an airport. The bird-like form not only creates a visually stunning landmark but also helps the airport integrate seamlessly with the surrounding mountains by absorbing the elevation changes.

MAD Architects design Lishui Airport, the first for China’s ‘forest city,’ Lishui

a welcoming and optimized terminal by mad architects

Inside the Lishui Airport terminal, MAD Architects curates a welcoming atmosphere with warm, wood-toned finishes. A shuttle-shaped skylight not only allows for natural light but also contributes to the airport’s energy efficiency. The one-and-a-half-floor layout optimizes passenger flow, with departures on the ground floor and waiting areas on the second floor. Additionally, a central landscape path within the sunken parking lot further enhances the connection between passengers and the surrounding space.

located in hilly terrain, the airport prioritizes respecting the natural landscape

The Lishui Airport is designed with future growth in mind. The passenger capacity is projected to reach 1.8 million by 2030 and five million by 2050. The plans also include the addition of an international terminal to accommodate future travel demands. Construction of the Lishui Airport is expected to be completed by the end of 2024, making this unique ‘bird in a garden’ a reality for the city.

the design reflects MAD Architects’ vision of an airport as an element within a garden city
a large, silver-white overhanging roof evokes a bird taking flight, a nod to the airport’s function

warm wood tones and a shuttle-shaped skylight create a welcoming and energy-efficient interior

the bird-like form will help the airport integrate with the surrounding mountains

construction of the Lishui Airport is expected to be completed by the end of 2024

project info:

project title: Lishui Airport

architecture: MAD architects | @madarchitects

location: Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China

completion: expected end of 2024

images: courtesy MAD Architects

site area: 2,267 hectares

building area: 12,100 square meters

building height: 23.95 meters

principal partners in charge: MA Yansong, DANG Qun, Yosuke Hayano

associate partners in charge: LIU Huiying, Kin Li

design team: SUN Shouquan, ZHANG Xiaomei, LEI Lei, YANG Xuebin, SUN Mingze, YIN Jianfeng, Punnin Sukkasem, ZHU Yuhao, ZHANG Yaohui, Alan Rodríguez Carrillo, Pittayapa Suriyapee, WANG Xinyi

client: Lishui Airport Construction Headquarters

executive architects: CAAC NEW ERA AIRPORT DESIGN INSTITUTE COMPANY LIMITED 

facade consultant: RFR Shanghai

interior design/lighting consultant: Shanghai Xian Dai Architectural Decoration & Landscape Design Research Institute CO., Ltd

landscape consultant: Z’scape Landscape Planning and Design

The post MAD architects designs sculptural lishui airport as a ‘bird in a garden’ appeared first on designboom | architecture & design magazine.